See -um on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "criterium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "datum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "decennium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "delirium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "desideratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "erratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "forum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "gymnasium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "honorarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "imperium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "between war(s)",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "between war(s)",
"word": "interbellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "labarum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mandatum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "maximum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "medium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "millennium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "minimum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "modicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mortuarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "museum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "opium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "optimum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "pessarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "podium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "after war",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "after war",
"word": "postbellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "sanatorium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "solarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "stadium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "any shiny mineral",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "any shiny mineral",
"word": "talcum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "tedium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "ultimatum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "unicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "vacuum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "Valium"
}
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{
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],
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{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-ium"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-o",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ο"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-on",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ον"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-umu",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "ウム"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
}
]
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"_dis": "49 51",
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"_dis": "54 46",
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"Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"id": "en--um-en-suffix-UJH-DPpx",
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[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
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[
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[
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"molybdenum"
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[
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]
],
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"(chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
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}
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"tags": [
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"word": "-um"
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"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Possibly from 'em.",
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"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "skookum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smellum water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smokum"
}
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[
96,
98
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123,
125
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145,
147
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[
256,
258
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"ref": "1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page 129:",
"text": "Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say \"Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—\" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words \" Missis not eatum—missis good fellow.\"",
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4,
6
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19,
21
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"ref": "1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page 254:",
"text": "\"Givum dinner; smokum pipe,\" was all that we could get out of Quatchett.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not."
],
"id": "en--um-en-suffix-GvqyiDHB",
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"morpheme"
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"type": "example"
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},
"expansion": "Latin -um",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-en",
"5": "or",
"6": "-a",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n (plural -en or -a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin"
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-Z-uMLlih",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-em",
"4": "-em, -um",
"pos": "dative plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As a variant of -heim through reduction to [əm] and subsequent backing. Compare -em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back to Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending), equivalent to German -en as in -hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Alsum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Belum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Cirkwehrum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dorum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Extum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Hamswehrum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Haxtum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Imsum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Lucklum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Luttum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mulsum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pewsum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Querum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Sydikum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uthwerdum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Waggum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
},
{
"word": "Wrixum"
},
{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-~VSCtMO9",
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um",
"t": "2nd declension neuter nominative singular termination"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um (“2nd declension neuter nominative singular termination”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um (“2nd declension neuter nominative singular termination”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abszurdum (“absurdity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A distinguishable foreign word-ending in nouns of Latin origin. It is not considered an independent Hungarian suffix."
],
"id": "en--um-hu-suffix-v9A9kfuz",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[um]"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-um",
"pos": "dative plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -um (dative plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -um (dative plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hestur (“horse”) + -um → hestum (“(for) horses”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ríkur (“rich”) + -um → ríkum (“(for) (the) rich”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the dative plural of most nouns, all strong adjectives and most pronouns"
],
"id": "en--um-is-suffix-JjOsaHtX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stund (“time, hour”) + -um → stundum (“sometimes”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "langur (“long”) + -um → löngum (“oftentimes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form some adverbs from nouns or adjectives — it is actually a frozen dative"
],
"id": "en--um-is-suffix-PS0naUe3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-um",
"pos": "first person plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -um (first person plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -um (first person plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brjóta (“to break”) + -um → brjótum (“(we) break”, present indicative/subjunctive)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "all verbs",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person plural present indicative/subjunctive of -a (all verbs)"
],
"id": "en--um-is-suffix-SrwXaYu7",
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"morpheme",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brjóta (“to break”) + -um → brutum (“(we) broke”, past indicative)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "brjóta (“to break”) + -um → brytum (“(we) would break”, past subjunctive; with i-mutation)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "strong verbs",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person plural past indicative/subjunctive of -a (strong verbs)"
],
"id": "en--um-is-suffix-J0dfAW05",
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a#Icelandic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ðum"
},
{
"word": "-dum"
},
{
"word": "-tum"
},
{
"word": "-uðum"
}
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"morpheme",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*-om<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-om<id:accusative>>>",
"id": "accusative singular"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-um\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"accusative singular\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-um\" id=\"Latin:_accusative_singular\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-om",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-om",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-om"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *-om",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-om",
"pos": "thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek neuter -ον (-on) (from Proto-Hellenic *-on) both in names and adjectives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ũ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -us:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix-QWRo9zG7",
"links": [
[
"-us",
"-us#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -us:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix-tr35ep9i",
"links": [
[
"-us",
"-us#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genitive plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-om"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-om",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-oHom",
"pos": "genitive plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ûm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ôm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ūm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"head": "-um"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 36 36 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural ending",
"found in -ōrum"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix-2Vb12S-Y",
"links": [
[
"-ōrum",
"-orum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 36 36 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural ending",
"found in -ārum"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix--Y~MAaQZ",
"links": [
[
"-ārum",
"-arum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 36 36 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural ending",
"regular ending for 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-conjugation terms"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix-Rd8VTwqT",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina 9.85",
"text": "Sic videtur mihi, quoniam finitum et infinitum habeat dissimilitudinem, non debere utrumque item dici, eo magis quod in ipsis vocabulis ubi additur certus numerus miliar⟨i⟩is aliter atque in reliquis dicitur: nam sic loquontur, hoc mille denarium, non hoc mille denari⟨orum⟩, et haec duo milia denarium, non duo milia denari⟨orum⟩. Si esset denarii in recto casu atque infinitam multitudinem significaret, tunc in patrico denariorum dici oportebat; et non solum in denariis, victoriatis, drachmis, nummis, sed etiam in viris idem servari oportere, cum dicimus iudicium fuisse triumvirum, decem⟨virum, centum⟩-virum, non ⟨triumvirorum, decemvirorum⟩, centum-virorum.",
"translation": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Orator 155",
"text": "Atque etiam a quibusdam sero iam emendatur antiquitas, qui haec reprehendunt. Nam pro 'deum atque hominum fidem', 'deorum' aiunt. Ita credo hoc illi nesciebant: an dabat hanc licentiam consuetudo? Itaque idem poeta qui inusitatius contraxerat: \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" pro 'meorum factorum' et \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" pro 'exitiorum', non dicit 'liberum', ut plerique loquimur, cum 'cupidos liberum' aut 'in liberum loco' dicimus, sed ut isti volunt: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" et idem: \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" At ille alter in Chryse non solum: \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\" quod erat usitatum, sed durius etiam: \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", idemque pergit: \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\"; quae non sane sunt in omnibus neutris usitata. Nec enim dixerim tam lubenter 'armum iudicium',—etsi est apud eundem: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—quam 'centuriam', ut censoriae tabulae locuntur, 'fabrum et procum' audeo dicere, non 'fabrorum' et 'procorum'; planeque 'duorumvirorum iudicium' aut 'triumvirorum capitalium' aut 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis' dico nunquam. Atqui dixit Accius: \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" idemque \"Mulier una duom virum\". Quid verum sit intellego; sed alias ita loquor ut concessum est, ut hoc vel 'pro deum' dico vel 'pro deorum', alias ut necesse est, cum triumvirum, non virorum, et sestertium, nummum, non sestertiorum, nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est.\nAnd even the ancients are corrected now, late in the day, by certain people who find fault with these things. So for 'deum atque hominum fidem', they say 'deorum'. I suppose those of the past did not know the latter usage; or did custom grant this license? Thus the same poet who had used the more unusual contractions \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" for 'meorum factorum' and \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" for 'exitiorum', did not say 'liberum', as very many of us do, when we say 'cupidos liberum' or 'in liberum loco', but said 'liberorum' as those people want: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" and again \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" On the other hand, that other poet in Chryses not only says \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\", which was customary then, but also more harshly \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", and then proceeds to say \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\", which certainly are not customary in all neuter nouns. And truly I would not so freely say 'armum iudicium'—although it is found in the same author: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—as I would say 'centuriam fabrum et procum', as the census records say, not 'fabrorum' and 'procorum'; and by all means I never say 'duorumvirorum iudicium' or 'triumvirorum capitalium' or 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis'. And yet Accius said \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" and also \"Mulier una duom virum\". I know what is correct, but sometimes I speak in such a manner as is allowed, such as in this case I say either 'pro deum' or 'pro deorum [fidem]', sometimes as is required, when I say triumvirum, not virorum, and sestertium, nummum, not sestertiorum, nummorum, because in these cases usage is not variable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural ending",
"Sometimes found instead of -ōrum, -ārum or -ium"
],
"id": "en--um-la-suffix-hkLt5SvR",
"links": [
[
"-ōrum",
"-orum#Latin"
],
[
"-ārum",
"-arum#Latin"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"early",
"through the variant -an"
],
"word": "-e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-um"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-amaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-amaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-om"
},
"expansion": "Polish -om",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-um, possibly from Proto-Germanic *-amaz with reduction and analogical zero-grade, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-mos, the dative-ablative plural ending. Cognate to modern German -en and Polish -om.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ū",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hund (“dog”) + -um → hundum (“dogs”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċip (“ship”) + -um → sċipum (“ships”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns"
],
"id": "en--um-ang-suffix-twqA52J7",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the strong and weak dative and instrumental plural of adjectives"
],
"id": "en--um-ang-suffix-8PuLNNmJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the strong dative singular of masculine and neuter adjectives"
],
"id": "en--um-ang-suffix-vXSveOhI",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "suffixed pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "-um (suffixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me"
],
"id": "en--um-sga-suffix-J0TM0Qx1",
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"pronoun",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/um/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "armr → ǫrmum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns"
],
"id": "en--um-non-suffix-3UODIbmU",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 2 6 6 2 3 1 6 6 0 0 7 7 2 2 2 1 1 3 15 1 3 2 6 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 6 6 1 2 1 7 7 0 0 8 8 2 2 1 1 1 2 16 2 0 1 3 3 6 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs"
],
"id": "en--um-non-suffix-t6fAbQQW",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-úum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-áam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palula",
"lang_code": "phl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Palula entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular suffix"
],
"id": "en--um-phl-suffix-sPrX0lzX",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-um/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "see usage notes below",
"word": "-em"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pijin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -em; see usage notes below"
],
"id": "en--um-pis-suffix-D2rf~LbS",
"links": [
[
"-em",
"-em#Pijin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-us<alt:-um><id:second declension>",
"id": "nominal",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -umlbor.\nPolish -um\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-um\", \"id\" : \"second declension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"second declension suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"vrddhi\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"-os\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-um\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-um\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin -um.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -umlbor.\nPolish -um\nLearned borrowing from Latin -um.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-um"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"um"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used in singular forms of Latin neuter borrowings"
],
"id": "en--um-pl-suffix-nexf8ZzA",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/um/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "um"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -um",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -um, from Old English -um, dative plural ending used to form adverbials.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "legim (“astride”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs."
],
"id": "en--um-sco-suffix-Sc7BnVJg",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Used to form adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Probably of jocular formation, based partly on Latin -um and partly an altered form of -in(g)s, a verbal noun ending.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to nouns or verbs to form nouns with diminutive or hypocoristic force"
],
"id": "en--um-sco-suffix-Bq89j5PH",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"hypocoristic",
"hypocoristic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ending used for some words of Latin origin"
],
"id": "en--um-sv-suffix-xxAZmG6-",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ium"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-im after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U."
],
"id": "en--um-tr-suffix-Nzs16dYp",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 6 22 7 20 13 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 35 27 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 36 24 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "okul (“school”) + -um → okulum (“my school”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kuş (“bird”) + -um → kuşum (“my bird”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "grup (“group”) + -um → grubum (“my group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "burç (“tower”) + -um → burcum (“my tower”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "periyot (“bird”) + -um → periyodum (“my bird”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çocuk (“child”) + -um → çocuğum (“my child”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "burun (“nose”) + -um → burnum (“my nose”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant."
],
"id": "en--um-tr-suffix-lhxh3g0g",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"i": "im",
"u": "um",
"v": "y",
"ü": "üm",
"ı": "ım"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 6 22 7 20 13 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "masum (“innocent”) + -um → masumum (“I am innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mutlu (“happy”) + -um → mutluyum (“I am happy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Umut (“Umut”) + -um → Umut'um (“I am Umut”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"Conjugation of the verb \"to be\" for first person singular, simple present tense."
],
"id": "en--um-tr-suffix-m6c9Wcyi",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ol- (“become”) + -(u)r (“present tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → olurum (“I become”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"Personal suffix for \"ben\" (\"I\" - first person singular)"
],
"id": "en--um-tr-suffix-Rgp~WZB2",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"i": "im",
"u": "um",
"v": "y",
"ü": "üm",
"ı": "ım"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-im after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U."
],
"id": "en--um-tr-suffix-Nzs16dYp1",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--um-vo-suffix-zA8-EnMX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "-um",
"word": "-உம்"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "-uṁ",
"word": "-ഉം"
}
],
"lang": "South Dravidian I",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/-um",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"also, totality, any/one (added to interrogative forms) and even (coordinating suffix)"
],
"id": "en--um-dra-pro-suffix-88hGe3UT",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative"
],
[
"coordinating",
"coordinating"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"aorist future marker"
],
"id": "en--um-dra-pro-suffix-8-vPnmEq",
"links": [
[
"aorist",
"aorist"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"raw_tags": [
"before an object"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bi",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "see usage notes below",
"word": "-em"
}
],
"categories": [
"Bislama entries with incorrect language header",
"Bislama inflectional suffixes",
"Bislama variant lemmas",
"French links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -em; see usage notes below"
],
"links": [
[
"-em",
"-em#Bislama"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ūmen<ety:from<-men>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-men\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ūmen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Catalan\", \"term\" : \"-um\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ca\" }\" data-lang=\"ca\" data-title=\"-um\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ūmen",
"pos": "action noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ūmen (action noun suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ūmen (action noun suffix), an extended form of -men.",
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{
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"g": "m"
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"categories": [
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"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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{
"text": "greix (“grease”) + -um → greixum (“grime, grunge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pixar (“to piss”) + -um → pixum (“piss, urine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually with a collective and pejorative connotation"
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
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[
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"pejorative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈum]",
"tags": [
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"Central",
"Northern",
"Northwestern",
"Valencia"
]
}
],
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{
"forms": [
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"lang": "Dutch",
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"word": "-s"
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"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "criterium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "datum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "decennium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "delirium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "desideratum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "erratum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "forum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "gymnasium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "honorarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "imperium"
},
{
"english": "between war(s)",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "between war(s)",
"word": "interbellum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "labarum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mandatum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "maximum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "medium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "millennium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "minimum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "modicum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mortuarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "museum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "opium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "optimum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "pessarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "podium"
},
{
"english": "after war",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "after war",
"word": "postbellum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "sanatorium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "solarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "stadium"
},
{
"english": "any shiny mineral",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "any shiny mineral",
"word": "talcum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "tedium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "ultimatum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "unicum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "vacuum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "Valium"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
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],
"etymology_text": "From the homographic case endings of the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms of numerous neuter Latin second declension nouns.",
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{
"form": "-ums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-ium"
},
{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-on"
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{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"sense": "See also",
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}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes singular grammatical number."
],
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[
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[
"grammatical",
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[
"number",
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"molybdenum",
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[
"platinum",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
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"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-o",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-on",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ον"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-umu",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "ウム"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "skookum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smellum water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smokum"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Possibly from 'em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
98
],
[
123,
125
],
[
145,
147
],
[
256,
258
]
],
"ref": "1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page 129:",
"text": "Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say \"Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—\" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words \" Missis not eatum—missis good fellow.\"",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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4,
6
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[
19,
21
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],
"ref": "1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page 254:",
"text": "\"Givum dinner; smokum pipe,\" was all that we could get out of Quatchett.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/",
"tags": [
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},
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"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
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"German lemmas",
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"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
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"German terms derived from Old Frisian",
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"expansion": "Latin -um",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
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{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ʊm/"
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],
"word": "-um"
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"German suffixes",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Alsum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Belum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Cirkwehrum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dorum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Extum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Hamswehrum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Haxtum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Imsum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Lucklum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Luttum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mulsum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pewsum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Querum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Sydikum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uthwerdum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Waggum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
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{
"word": "Wrixum"
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{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
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},
{
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],
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}
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"Hungarian suffixes",
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"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"text": "abszurdum (“absurdity”)"
}
],
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],
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[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
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}
],
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{
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{
"text": "hestur (“horse”) + -um → hestum (“(for) horses”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ríkur (“rich”) + -um → ríkum (“(for) (the) rich”)",
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}
],
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"used to form the dative plural of most nouns, all strong adjectives and most pronouns"
],
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stund (“time, hour”) + -um → stundum (“sometimes”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "langur (“long”) + -um → löngum (“oftentimes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"used to form some adverbs from nouns or adjectives — it is actually a frozen dative"
],
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]
}
],
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{
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{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brjóta (“to break”) + -um → brjótum (“(we) break”, present indicative/subjunctive)",
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}
],
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"extra": "all verbs",
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],
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"-a#Icelandic"
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],
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{
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{
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}
],
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],
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],
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{
"word": "-ðum"
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{
"word": "-dum"
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{
"word": "-tum"
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{
"word": "-uðum"
}
],
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"form-of",
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}
],
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}
{
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"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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},
{
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{
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},
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"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek neuter -ον (-on) (from Proto-Hellenic *-on) both in names and adjectives.",
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},
{
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]
}
],
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],
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}
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]
],
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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},
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],
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"alternative"
]
},
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]
},
{
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},
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}
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{
"english": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina 9.85",
"text": "Sic videtur mihi, quoniam finitum et infinitum habeat dissimilitudinem, non debere utrumque item dici, eo magis quod in ipsis vocabulis ubi additur certus numerus miliar⟨i⟩is aliter atque in reliquis dicitur: nam sic loquontur, hoc mille denarium, non hoc mille denari⟨orum⟩, et haec duo milia denarium, non duo milia denari⟨orum⟩. Si esset denarii in recto casu atque infinitam multitudinem significaret, tunc in patrico denariorum dici oportebat; et non solum in denariis, victoriatis, drachmis, nummis, sed etiam in viris idem servari oportere, cum dicimus iudicium fuisse triumvirum, decem⟨virum, centum⟩-virum, non ⟨triumvirorum, decemvirorum⟩, centum-virorum.",
"translation": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Orator 155",
"text": "Atque etiam a quibusdam sero iam emendatur antiquitas, qui haec reprehendunt. Nam pro 'deum atque hominum fidem', 'deorum' aiunt. Ita credo hoc illi nesciebant: an dabat hanc licentiam consuetudo? Itaque idem poeta qui inusitatius contraxerat: \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" pro 'meorum factorum' et \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" pro 'exitiorum', non dicit 'liberum', ut plerique loquimur, cum 'cupidos liberum' aut 'in liberum loco' dicimus, sed ut isti volunt: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" et idem: \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" At ille alter in Chryse non solum: \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\" quod erat usitatum, sed durius etiam: \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", idemque pergit: \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\"; quae non sane sunt in omnibus neutris usitata. Nec enim dixerim tam lubenter 'armum iudicium',—etsi est apud eundem: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—quam 'centuriam', ut censoriae tabulae locuntur, 'fabrum et procum' audeo dicere, non 'fabrorum' et 'procorum'; planeque 'duorumvirorum iudicium' aut 'triumvirorum capitalium' aut 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis' dico nunquam. Atqui dixit Accius: \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" idemque \"Mulier una duom virum\". Quid verum sit intellego; sed alias ita loquor ut concessum est, ut hoc vel 'pro deum' dico vel 'pro deorum', alias ut necesse est, cum triumvirum, non virorum, et sestertium, nummum, non sestertiorum, nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est.\nAnd even the ancients are corrected now, late in the day, by certain people who find fault with these things. So for 'deum atque hominum fidem', they say 'deorum'. I suppose those of the past did not know the latter usage; or did custom grant this license? Thus the same poet who had used the more unusual contractions \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" for 'meorum factorum' and \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" for 'exitiorum', did not say 'liberum', as very many of us do, when we say 'cupidos liberum' or 'in liberum loco', but said 'liberorum' as those people want: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" and again \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" On the other hand, that other poet in Chryses not only says \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\", which was customary then, but also more harshly \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", and then proceeds to say \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\", which certainly are not customary in all neuter nouns. And truly I would not so freely say 'armum iudicium'—although it is found in the same author: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—as I would say 'centuriam fabrum et procum', as the census records say, not 'fabrorum' and 'procorum'; and by all means I never say 'duorumvirorum iudicium' or 'triumvirorum capitalium' or 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis'. And yet Accius said \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" and also \"Mulier una duom virum\". I know what is correct, but sometimes I speak in such a manner as is allowed, such as in this case I say either 'pro deum' or 'pro deorum [fidem]', sometimes as is required, when I say triumvirum, not virorum, and sestertium, nummum, not sestertiorum, nummorum, because in these cases usage is not variable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural ending",
"Sometimes found instead of -ōrum, -ārum or -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"-ōrum",
"-orum#Latin"
],
[
"-ārum",
"-arum#Latin"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English inflectional suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"early",
"through the variant -an"
],
"word": "-e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-um"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-amaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-amaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-om"
},
"expansion": "Polish -om",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-um, possibly from Proto-Germanic *-amaz with reduction and analogical zero-grade, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-mos, the dative-ablative plural ending. Cognate to modern German -en and Polish -om.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ū",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hund (“dog”) + -um → hundum (“dogs”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċip (“ship”) + -um → sċipum (“ships”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the strong and weak dative and instrumental plural of adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the strong dative singular of masculine and neuter adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "suffixed pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "-um (suffixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish personal pronouns",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"me"
],
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"pronoun",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/um/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse inflectional suffixes",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse suffixes",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "armr → ǫrmum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-úum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-áam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palula",
"lang_code": "phl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Palula entries with incorrect language header",
"Palula lemmas",
"Palula suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular suffix"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-um/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "see usage notes below",
"word": "-em"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pijin entries with incorrect language header",
"Pijin inflectional suffixes",
"Pijin variant lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -em; see usage notes below"
],
"links": [
[
"-em",
"-em#Pijin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-us<alt:-um><id:second declension>",
"id": "nominal",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -umlbor.\nPolish -um\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-um\", \"id\" : \"second declension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"second declension suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"possessive\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"vrddhi\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"-os\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-um\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-um\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin -um.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -umlbor.\nPolish -um\nLearned borrowing from Latin -um.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-um"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"um"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish neuter suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Archaic Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used in singular forms of Latin neuter borrowings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/um/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "um"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Dravidian lemmas",
"Proto-Dravidian suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "-um",
"word": "-உம்"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "-uṁ",
"word": "-ഉം"
}
],
"lang": "South Dravidian I",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/-um",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"also, totality, any/one (added to interrogative forms) and even (coordinating suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative"
],
[
"coordinating",
"coordinating"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"aorist future marker"
],
"links": [
[
"aorist",
"aorist"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -um",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -um, from Old English -um, dative plural ending used to form adverbials.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scots terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "legim (“astride”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Used to form adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Probably of jocular formation, based partly on Latin -um and partly an altered form of -in(g)s, a verbal noun ending.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to nouns or verbs to form nouns with diminutive or hypocoristic force"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"hypocoristic",
"hypocoristic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ium"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish neuter suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"ending used for some words of Latin origin"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-im after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "okul (“school”) + -um → okulum (“my school”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kuş (“bird”) + -um → kuşum (“my bird”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "grup (“group”) + -um → grubum (“my group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "burç (“tower”) + -um → burcum (“my tower”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "periyot (“bird”) + -um → periyodum (“my bird”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çocuk (“child”) + -um → çocuğum (“my child”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "burun (“nose”) + -um → burnum (“my nose”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"i": "im",
"u": "um",
"v": "y",
"ü": "üm",
"ı": "ım"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "masum (“innocent”) + -um → masumum (“I am innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mutlu (“happy”) + -um → mutluyum (“I am happy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Umut (“Umut”) + -um → Umut'um (“I am Umut”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"Conjugation of the verb \"to be\" for first person singular, simple present tense."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ol- (“become”) + -(u)r (“present tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → olurum (“I become”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U.",
"Personal suffix for \"ben\" (\"I\" - first person singular)"
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "floatright very-narrow",
"palette": "red",
"title": "-"
},
"expansion": "{| class=\"inflection-table\"",
"name": "inflection-table-top"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|}",
"name": "inflection-table-bottom"
},
{
"args": {
"i": "im",
"u": "um",
"v": "y",
"ü": "üm",
"ı": "ım"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "tr-suffix-forms"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-im after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -im after the vowels O / U."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -um meaning in All languages combined (57.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers u-mutation of a preceding a",
"path": [
"-um"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-um",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers u-mutation of a preceding a",
"path": [
"-um"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-um",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.